The ( ) refers to the integration of complex physical machinery with networked sensors and software. It draws together fields such as machine learning, big data, the Internet of things and machine-to-machine communication to ingest data form machines, analyze it (often in real-time), and use it to adjust operations.

The ( ) refers to the integration of complex physical machinery with networked sensors and software. It draws together fields such as machine learning, big data, the Internet of things and machine-to-machine communication to ingest data form machines, analyze it (often in real-time), and use it to adjust operations.